{"id":15867,"date":"2026-06-19T19:06:43","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T00:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/blog\/el-nino-in-colombia-protect-your-gulupa-crop-with-these-management-practices\/"},"modified":"2026-07-10T13:07:57","modified_gmt":"2026-07-10T18:07:57","slug":"el-nino-in-colombia-protect-your-gulupa-crop-with-these-management-practices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/blog\/el-nino-in-colombia-protect-your-gulupa-crop-with-these-management-practices\/","title":{"rendered":"El Ni\u00f1o in Colombia: Protect Your Gulupa Crop with These Management Practices"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"15867\" class=\"elementor elementor-15867\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ee743dc e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-1ee743dc-1ebf887 \" data-id=\"1ee743dc\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"1ee743dc\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44f39bf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"44f39bf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In May 2026, IDEAM reported that the probability of Colombia facing a new <strong>El Ni\u00f1o episode already exceeds 90% from September onwards<\/strong>, with projections that some international models rate as the most intense in the last 30 years.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For gulupa (purple passion fruit) growers, this is not generic weather news. It is a concrete signal of what may happen in the field over the coming months, which is why we must begin preventive monitoring and early communication about the possible climate scenario.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-501fdd8b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"501fdd8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72faa9c2 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"72faa9c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;,&quot;h6&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tAqu\u00ed encontrar\u00e1s...\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__72faa9c2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__72faa9c2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__72faa9c2\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-110dd4b8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"110dd4b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3798b958 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3798b958\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What El Ni\u00f1o is and why Colombia feels it so directly<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d352280 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"7d352280\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Ni\u00f1o, technically known as ENSO (El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation), <strong>is the anomalous warming of the surface waters of the tropical Pacific Ocean in its central and eastern sectors<\/strong>. When those waters warm by 1 \u00b0C to 3 \u00b0C above normal, the pattern of winds and rainfall changes across much of the continent.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>In Colombia, that change usually means less rainfall, more heat and longer dry spells.<\/strong> Not uniformly across the country, but certainly in the Caribbean, Andean and Pacific regions \u2014 precisely where gulupa is grown.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The probability of El Ni\u00f1o developing in Colombia rises gradually towards June, July and August, arriving slightly ahead of the second half of 2026.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6ae56f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c6ae56f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The difference between a normal drought and El Ni\u00f1o<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3be6bc9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"3be6bc9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An ordinary drought is local and temporary. El Ni\u00f1o reorganises atmospheric circulation on a continental scale for months, sometimes for more than a year. It does not only reduce rainfall: <strong>it raises the average temperature, lowers relative humidity and alters soil moisture cycles<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For a crop such as gulupa (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Passiflora edulis f. edulis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), which requires stable conditions throughout its productive cycle, that combination is the hardest to manage.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbbfdc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cbbfdc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What IDEAM projects for Colombia in 2026<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5035c3a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"5035c3a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ideam.gov.co\/sala-de-prensa\/noticia\/ideam-y-minambiente-alertan-de-90-de-probabilidad-de-llegada-del-fenomeno-de-el-nino-para-septiembre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) and the Ministry of the Environment<\/a> published a formal update of their projections in May 2026. The director of IDEAM, Ghisliane Echeverry Prieto, stated: \u201cAcross most of Colombia, the phenomenon is associated with reduced rainfall and rising temperatures, although in some areas the effects may be less intense or even the opposite.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The probability of El Ni\u00f1o conditions becoming established rises from 61% in the May\u2013July quarter to 90% in September<\/strong>, with an intensity that NOAA models rate at an 83% probability of occurrence by the end of the year and a 13% chance of reaching \u201csuper El Ni\u00f1o\u201d category.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Minister of the Environment, Irene V\u00e9lez Torres, summarised the risks: \u201cThe impacts include a higher risk of forest fires, heatwaves, water stress and effects on food production.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Temperatures in the Caribbean region could reach 40 \u00b0C<\/strong>. In the Andean areas where gulupa is grown, the expected increase is between 0.5 \u00b0C and 1.5 \u00b0C above the historical average.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the first half of 2024, according to El Colombiano, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elcolombiano.com\/negocios\/super-fenomeno-el-nino-2026-colombia-energia-hidroelectricas-agro-CE35314886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colombian reservoirs fell to 28.6% of their capacity \u2014 the lowest level in 25 years<\/a>. More than 500 municipalities activated water-shortage alerts. The livestock sector lost 16,740 animals and 703,729 hectares were affected.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40bdce7b elementor-blockquote--skin-boxed elementor-blockquote--align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"40bdce7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tColombian agriculture absorbs 82% of the damage caused by each severe drought. That was the last El Ni\u00f1o. And the one approaching could be worse.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63c41ed0 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-63c41ed0-586949b \" data-id=\"63c41ed0\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"63c41ed0\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7454f49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7454f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why energy also matters to the agricultural sector<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c46b51 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-5c46b51-4db8a89 \" data-id=\"5c46b51\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"5c46b51\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e8092b elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"6e8092b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eltiempo.com\/cultura\/gente\/por-que-la-carne-puede-verse-con-colores-arcoiris-despues-de-cocinarse-expertos-explican-si-es-normal-o-senal-de-mal-estado-3556974\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colombia generates 66% of its electricity from hydropower. During the 2024<\/a> El Ni\u00f1o, the spot-market price of a kilowatt-hour rose by 200%, from COP 350 to COP 1,024.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For growers who depend on electric irrigation systems, that means much higher operating costs precisely when they need water most. It is an indirect effect of El Ni\u00f1o that is rarely included in agricultural analysis.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e832c3d e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-2e832c3d-80458a2 \" data-id=\"2e832c3d\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"2e832c3d\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5c80f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b5c80f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El Ni\u00f1o\u2019s impact on the gulupa crop<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7830d90 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-f16c5cc \" data-id=\"7830d90\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"7830d90\">\n    <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ed4b44 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-743cb50 \" data-id=\"7ed4b44\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"7ed4b44\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8700e2 wd-width-100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_images_gallery\" data-id=\"d8700e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_images_gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-images-gallery photoswipe-images\" style=\"--wd-align-items:center; --wd-justify-content:left;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-grid-g\" style=\"--wd-col-lg:;--wd-col-md:3;--wd-col-sm:1;--wd-gap-lg:0px;\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-gallery-item wd-col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impacto-del-fenomeno-del-nino-en-la-gulupa.jpg\" data-width=\"1000\" data-height=\"667\" data-index=\"1\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impacto-del-fenomeno-del-nino-en-la-gulupa.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"deliciosa gulupa dulce\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impacto-del-fenomeno-del-nino-en-la-gulupa.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/impacto-del-fenomeno-del-nino-en-la-gulupa-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" title=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a47b00f e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-24f4dc2 \" data-id=\"a47b00f\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"a47b00f\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9781e00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"9781e00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To produce a good harvest, <strong>gulupa requires annual rainfall of between 1,200 and 2,000 mm<\/strong>, temperatures between 16 \u00b0C and 22 \u00b0C and relative humidity of 70% to 80%. It grows between 1,800 and 2,400 metres above sea level, at altitudes that the Colombian Society of Farmers (SAC) rates as the most suitable for export production. <\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also needs more than 2,000 mm of water per year, distributed throughout the year.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wd-negative-gap elementor-element elementor-element-1d34290 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1d34290\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26b1c00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"26b1c00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The key point with passifloras is that they flower and bear fruit all year round, so they need well-distributed rainfall and do not grow well when supply is lacking without supplementary irrigation. <\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.amelica.org\/ameli\/journal\/130\/1302674007\/html\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">When water is missing during critical development phases (such as flower-bud break, fertilisation, fruit set and filling), the fruit stays small or drops.<\/a><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, the ideal relative humidity for good pollination is between 80% and 94%, which means that in dry environments the pollen dehydrates.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During El Ni\u00f1o, the gulupa crop can be affected in the following ways:<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53040dd e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-4ecb0e7 \" data-id=\"53040dd\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"53040dd\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e030652 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_list\" data-id=\"e030652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wd-list color-scheme- wd-fontsize-xs wd-type-icon wd-style-default text-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-e9778d9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTemperature rising above the plant\u2019s comfortable range (heat stress).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-286eff3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGreater solar radiation.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-8c75288\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWater deficit \/ water stress \/ drought (less water available to the plant).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-12ce88a\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHigher evapotranspiration from the plants.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-4cde3eb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAn increase in pests (thrips and mites).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-8d1bc2c\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProduction problems due to dehydration, fruit size and quality.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-0b33819\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA drop in relative humidity that affects fruit set. Severe drought causes flower abortion, smaller fruit, sunburn and dehydration.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89a4421 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-8881103 \" data-id=\"89a4421\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"89a4421\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4d5d18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"f4d5d18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In short, El Ni\u00f1o can alter the three main variables the crop needs: i<strong>t reduces rainfall below the minimum threshold, raises the temperature above the optimal range and lowers relative humidity<\/strong>. When this happens over a prolonged period, the stress on the plant is cumulative.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c427853 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-b1e2443 \" data-id=\"c427853\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"c427853\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac1fa5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac1fa5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What happens to gulupa under water stress<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f178a2f e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-90bda5f \" data-id=\"f178a2f\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"f178a2f\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6ff092 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"e6ff092\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When rainfall drops below what the crop requires and there is no supplementary irrigation, the plant enters water deficit.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e99c2f9 elementor-blockquote--skin-boxed elementor-blockquote--align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"e99c2f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tIn gulupa, that deficit during fruit development produces concrete consequences: the fruit comes out smaller, with rough skin, dry pulp and low juice content. The aroma diminishes. The flavour loses intensity.\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc436d9 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-9fb86c9 \" data-id=\"dc436d9\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"dc436d9\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41d60ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"41d60ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In practical terms: all this lack of water means the gulupa fails to meet the export parameters for Europe. The Dutch, German and British markets, which together bought more than 80% of the Colombian gulupa exported in 2025, pay differentiated prices for premium-quality fruit. A drought-affected harvest arrives with a higher proportion of second-grade product, or it fails the residue controls.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Can water stress trigger flowering in gulupa? <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes, and this confuses many growers. A short dry period can induce flowering, which appears to be positive. The problem arises when the drought continues during fruit set and fruit growth: the plant flowers but cannot develop the fruit properly. The result is a high rate of fruit abortion.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f74fa3 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-aaf0018 \" data-id=\"8f74fa3\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"8f74fa3\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-679a6b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"679a6b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Temperature and what it does to gulupa\u2019s reproductive process<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66c4eaf e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-beaffe5 \" data-id=\"66c4eaf\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"66c4eaf\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f662fe6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"f662fe6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studies carried out in the Colombian Andes with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Passiflora edulis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> show that the optimal temperature during the reproductive phase is around 18 \u00b0C during the day and 13 \u00b0C at night, with a vapour pressure deficit below 0.5 kPa. When the temperature rises above this range, the plant\u2019s transpiration increases and its water demand becomes impossible to meet without supplementary irrigation.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-337a024 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-efc9f18 \" data-id=\"337a024\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"337a024\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d727563 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d727563\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to prepare the gulupa crop for what is coming, and some management practices<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4331950 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"4331950\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The growers who maintain yields during severe droughts share several decisions that they took before \u2014 not during \u2014 the phenomenon.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1636cc e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-0b56413 \" data-id=\"f1636cc\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"f1636cc\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40ec350 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40ec350\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Water first: technical irrigation before the drought arrives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f4e324 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-177fdfc \" data-id=\"3f4e324\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"3f4e324\">\n    <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f2d64f e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-ac72884 \" data-id=\"4f2d64f\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"4f2d64f\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-286fdff wd-width-100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_images_gallery\" data-id=\"286fdff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_images_gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-images-gallery photoswipe-images\" style=\"--wd-align-items:center; --wd-justify-content:center;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-grid-g\" style=\"--wd-col-lg:1;--wd-col-md:1;--wd-col-sm:1;--wd-gap-lg:0px;\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-gallery-item wd-col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/riego-por-goteo-de-cultivo-de-gulupa.jpg\" data-width=\"1000\" data-height=\"684\" data-index=\"1\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/riego-por-goteo-de-cultivo-de-gulupa-768x525.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"riego-por-goteo-de-cultivo-de-gulupa\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/riego-por-goteo-de-cultivo-de-gulupa-768x525.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/riego-por-goteo-de-cultivo-de-gulupa.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" title=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa3e846 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-d101c76 \" data-id=\"aa3e846\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"aa3e846\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25427bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"25427bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Drip irrigation is the most effective technology for sustaining the crop when the rain fails<\/strong>. It distributes water evenly, minimises losses to evaporation and allows the dose to be adjusted.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>We also recommend manual irrigation or fertigation<\/strong>: for small plants, 1 L every other day, and for plants in production, 8 L\/day. Keep moisture between 60% and 80% of field capacity. Look after the water resource, avoiding leaks and waste. Build tanks and collect rainwater where possible.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be83341 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-f338605 \" data-id=\"be83341\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"be83341\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4825d75 color-scheme-inherit text-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4825d75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soil moisture sensors, which once seemed a costly investment, reduced water consumption without sacrificing yield on several farms in the Andean region during the 2024 El Ni\u00f1o.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most critical thing is to have access to supplementary water before September. Growers who depend exclusively on rainfall are left unprotected once the phenomenon takes hold. Those with reservoirs, access to irrigation ditches or deep wells can keep producing when others stop.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Biostimulants help improve tolerance to water stress<\/strong> and the physiological recovery of crops, using seaweed extracts, amino acids and humic and fulvic acids.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One detail many underestimate is that if irrigation is electric, the operating cost in 2026 will be considerably higher than in normal years, given El Ni\u00f1o\u2019s impact on tariffs. Calculating that additional cost is already part of the crop\u2019s financial management this year.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also activate the departmental government\u2019s Agricultural Insurance Incentive before El Ni\u00f1o is officially declared. For export gulupa, a loss of fruit set or fruit size directly affects the export price, so the insurance is worthwhile.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d00828 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-d550145 \" data-id=\"4d00828\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"4d00828\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d28e66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d28e66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Soil, cover and nutrition during the drought<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-871f4b9 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-7c32cd5 \" data-id=\"871f4b9\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"871f4b9\">\n    <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48b6ac5 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-879da25 \" data-id=\"48b6ac5\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"48b6ac5\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-635469b wd-width-100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_images_gallery\" data-id=\"635469b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_images_gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-images-gallery photoswipe-images\" style=\"--wd-align-items:center; --wd-justify-content:center;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-grid-g\" style=\"--wd-col-lg:1;--wd-col-md:1;--wd-col-sm:1;--wd-gap-lg:0px;\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-gallery-item wd-col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tratamiento-del-suelo-del-cultivo-de-gulupa.jpg\" data-width=\"1000\" data-height=\"667\" data-index=\"1\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tratamiento-del-suelo-del-cultivo-de-gulupa.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Suelo de cultivo de gulupa, cobertura y nutrici\u00f3n durante la sequ\u00eda\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tratamiento-del-suelo-del-cultivo-de-gulupa.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/tratamiento-del-suelo-del-cultivo-de-gulupa-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" title=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-566913d e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-dcdea41 \" data-id=\"566913d\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"566913d\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de57c81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"de57c81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>We recommend increasing organic matter with good-quality compost such as vermicompost<\/strong>, bokashi or biol, applied over the alleys or basins of the gulupa crop. These improve water retention and soil structure and protect the microbiota.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soil with good vegetative cover loses less moisture. Mulching around the base of the plant reduces direct evaporation and keeps the temperature more stable in the root zone. It requires little investment and the effect is immediate.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d22f2e5 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-5c547de \" data-id=\"d22f2e5\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"d22f2e5\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10baa04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"10baa04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9329652 elementor-blockquote--skin-boxed elementor-blockquote--align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-blockquote\" data-id=\"9329652\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"blockquote.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"elementor-blockquote\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-blockquote__content\">\n\t\t\t\tOrganic mulch made from rice husk and pruning residues helps reduce evaporation by 30% to 50%.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d6fb5b e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-2ac52de \" data-id=\"3d6fb5b\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"3d6fb5b\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0459182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"0459182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As for nutrition, potassium helps the plant regulate its stomata and better control water loss through transpiration; applying it to dry soil is inefficient and can cause phytotoxicity. The general recommendation is to apply it with available moisture or with supplementary irrigation.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also use beneficial living cover crops that reduce the soil\u2019s direct exposure to the sun. This way you avoid using herbicides and keep cover over the rows \u2014 small, creeping plants that do not compete with the crop. Keep them from flowering by managing them manually. This can bring benefits such as lower soil temperature, erosion prevention and improved infiltration.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the drought we advise increasing the following nutrients:<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ef7c0b e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-a4b5e49 \" data-id=\"9ef7c0b\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"9ef7c0b\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9076144 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_list\" data-id=\"9076144\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wd-list color-scheme- wd-fontsize-xs wd-type-icon wd-style-default text-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-b2a5209\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check-double\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPotassium (very high priority): improves stress tolerance.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-afa7229\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check-double\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCalcium (very high priority): helps with fruit firmness.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-70bc28d\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check-double\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSilicon (very high priority): supports biotic resistance and reduces excessive transpiration.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-3a696ac\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check-double\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMagnesium (high priority).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-11216a0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-icon\"><span class=\"fas fa-check-double\"><\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-list-content list-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNitrogen (medium priority): supports fruit retention.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49cc2ee e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-feeb558 \" data-id=\"49cc2ee\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"49cc2ee\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1af597 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"d1af597\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><b>Should I change my fertilisation programme during El Ni\u00f1o? <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes. In periods of stress, the plant prioritises survival over production. Applying high doses of nitrogen during drought can worsen the situation. Shifting to balanced fertilisation with an emphasis on potassium and foliar biostimulants produces better results.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-491be0b e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-91a52be \" data-id=\"491be0b\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"491be0b\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cefd7fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cefd7fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. The phytosanitary risk that is underestimated<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-314b7c1 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-48c7ae4 \" data-id=\"314b7c1\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"314b7c1\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6eb50e elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"f6eb50e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Ni\u00f1o does not only cause drought. High temperatures and plant stress favour the proliferation of fruit fly and mites.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the same time, a weakened plant is more vulnerable to opportunistic pathogens. In 2024, fruit-fly infestations increased in several gulupa-growing areas and became one of the arguments European buyers used to apply stricter controls.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Frequent, preventive \u2014 not reactive \u2014 phytosanitary monitoring during the dry period is part of risk management.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nutritional management is key in fertilisation and to maintaining cellular hydration: it prevents fruit drop, sustains fruit size and weight, improves firmness and post-harvest life, and reduces oxidative stress and heat damage<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d91014 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-ccb8d9a \" data-id=\"2d91014\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"2d91014\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2c2ab7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b2c2ab7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Would you like to review the condition of your crop before the dry season arrives?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaaaa79 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-f6e0826 \" data-id=\"eaaaa79\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"eaaaa79\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19f8d5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-wd_text_block\" data-id=\"19f8d5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wd_text_block.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-text-block reset-last-child text-left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a contingency plan, we recommend building reservoirs, adjusting the soil and improving nutrition and organic matter beforehand. During El Ni\u00f1o, carry out controlled irrigation, intensive phytosanitary monitoring and stress reduction; and once the heatwave passes, implement nutritional recovery and renewal pruning.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At Prosagro Export we work directly with gulupa growers in Antioquia and other regions of the country. We understand the requirements of the European market, the conditions of each growing area and the protocols that make the difference between export-grade fruit and fruit that does not pass inspection.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you would like to analyse how El Ni\u00f1o may affect your particular production, or to review whether your current practices are sufficient to maintain quality during the second half of the year, we can carry out that review together.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every farm has its own variables. There are no generic formulas. But there are decisions worth taking now, not in September.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/contact-us\/\">Write to us for personalised advice<\/a> and let\u2019s assess what lies ahead together.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn about the impact of the El Ni\u00f1o phenomenon on gulupa cultivation and how to prepare the crop with good practices.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15696,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-exports-in-colombia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15867"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15867\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15893,"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15867\/revisions\/15893"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosagroexport.com\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}